The NHS is one of the United Kingdom’s most enduring institutions - synonymous with free care at the point of delivery and services based on clinical need, not ability to pay. At the core of its delivery infrastructure are NHS Foundation Trusts (FTs), legally independent, not-for-profit organisations that provide services...

Integrated Care Systems (ICSs) represent one of the most significant NHS reforms in a generation. These place-based partnerships aim to transform how health and social care services are planned, commissioned, and delivered across England. The goal is clear: join up services, improve population health, reduce health inequalities, and enable more...