Obsessions and repetitive behaviour in autism
Understanding obsessions and repetitive behaviours in autism: Engaging and educating for a compassionate society
Rose Mabiza • 10 mins read
17 July 2024



Obsessions and repetitive behaviours are core aspects of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that often perplex those unfamiliar with autism. Understanding these behaviours is crucial for fostering empathy, creating supportive environments, and enhancing the lives of individuals with autism. In this blog, Rose delves into the nature of these behaviours, their significance, and how awareness can engage learners and promote inclusivity. We will also highlight organisations that provide valuable support and resources.

Key facts and statistics
Autism spectrum disorder affects approximately 1 in 54 children in the United States, according to the CDC. In the UK, it is estimated that around 700,000 individuals are on the autism spectrum. These statistics underscore the importance of awareness and understanding in our communities. Obsessions and repetitive behaviours, although sometimes misunderstood, are integral to the autistic experience and offer unique insights into the world of those with autism.

Key definition
- Obsessions - Intense and focused interests in specific subjects, objects, or activities. These can range from common interests like trains or animals to unique topics such as licence plate numbers or vacuum cleaners.
- Repetitive behaviours - Actions that are performed repeatedly and in a consistent manner. These can include physical actions like hand-flapping or rocking, as well as verbal behaviours like repeating words or phrases.

Understanding obsessions and repetitive behaviours
Comfort and predictability
For individuals with autism, the world can often feel overwhelming and unpredictable. Obsessions and repetitive behaviours provide a sense of control and stability. These behaviours help create a predictable environment, offering comfort and reducing anxiety.
Sensory processing
Many autistic individuals experience sensory sensitivities. Repetitive behaviours can help manage sensory input, providing soothing stimuli or blocking out overwhelming sensations. For instance, hand-flapping or rocking can help calm an individual in a noisy or chaotic environment.
Communication and engagement
Obsessions can serve as a means of communication and engagement. Individuals with autism may use their intense interests to connect with others and express themselves. These interests can be a bridge to forming relationships and engaging in social interactions.
Coping mechanism
Repetitive behaviours often act as coping mechanisms for stress, anxiety, and frustration. When faced with challenging situations, engaging in familiar repetitive actions can provide a calming effect and help individuals manage their emotions.

Examples of obsessions and repetitive behaviours
Many autistic people have intense and highly focused interests, often from a fairly young age. These interests can change over time or be lifelong. For many younger children, common interests include trains, dinosaurs, or particular cartoon characters. Other common interests include:
- Art
- Music
- Gardening
- Animals
- Postcodes
- Numbers.
These interests are not just hobbies; they are often pursued with great passion and depth, leading to impressive expertise and knowledge in these areas.

Supporting individuals with autism
Acceptance and understanding
Embracing these behaviours as part of an individual's identity is crucial. Rather than trying to eliminate obsessions and repetitive behaviours, we should seek to understand their purpose and integrate them positively into daily life.
Creating a supportive environment
Ensuring a supportive environment is essential. This can include providing sensory-friendly spaces, allowing time for individuals to engage in their interests, and using tools to accommodate sensory needs.
Encouraging positive outlets
Channelling these behaviours into productive activities can be highly beneficial. For example, if a child is fascinated by drawing, providing art supplies and encouraging creative expression can be a positive outlet.
Communication and engagement
Using their interests to engage and communicate can help build social skills and relationships. Showing genuine interest in their favourite topics can foster meaningful interactions and connections.
Professional support
Working with therapists and educators who understand autism is vital. They can provide tailored strategies and interventions to support the unique needs and strengths of individuals with autism.

Strategies for managing obsessions and repetitive behaviours
Understand the function of the behaviour
Determine whether the behaviour reduces anxiety, blocks out sensory overload, or provides sensory input. Understanding the purpose can guide effective support strategies.
Modify the environment
Adjust the environment to reduce sensory discomfort. For instance, turning off bright lights or providing sensory tools can help manage sensory needs.
Increase structure
Create a structured environment to reduce boredom and provide predictability. Visual supports, daily timetables, and social stories can help individuals navigate their day.
Manage anxiety
Teach self-regulation skills to help individuals manage their emotions. Techniques like deep breathing, using stress balls, or employing visual emotion scales can be beneficial.
Intervene early
Address repetitive behaviours early to prevent them from becoming more ingrained and potentially problematic. Early intervention can help redirect these behaviours.
Set boundaries
Set clear, consistent limits on the time spent on an interest or the places where a behaviour is appropriate. Gradually increase restrictions to avoid causing distress.
Provide alternatives
Offer alternative activities that meet the exact sensory or emotional needs. For example, replace inedible objects with edible alternatives that provide similar sensory experiences.

Conclusion
Awareness and understanding of obsessions and repetitive behaviours in autism are crucial for creating a compassionate and inclusive society. By embracing these behaviours and supporting individuals with autism, we can help them thrive and contribute their unique talents to our communities.
Join us in raising awareness and promoting acceptance. Support organisations like Autism Speaks, Autistic Self Advocacy Network (ASAN), Autism Society, The National Autistic Society (NAS), and others in their mission to improve the lives of individuals with autism. Together, we can create a world where neurodiversity is celebrated and everyone is given the opportunity to succeed.
Learn more about how you can contribute to autism awareness and understanding.
Related Blogs
Click on the links below to read more articles from Rose:

About the author
Rose Mabiza
Rose has dedicated over 15 years to improving health and social care quality through practice, targeted education and training. Her extensive experience includes working with older adults, individuals with mental health conditions, and people with autism and learning disabilities.
